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  • Reflections on Martin Luther King's Day  By : Roberto Bell
    In celebrating Dr. Martin Luther King's Day, it is important to remember that Dr. King was concerned not just with civil rights and equality for...
  • Why The 2nd Amendment is so Important to Our Freedom  By : W J Snyder
    The 2nd Amendment forms part of the Bill of Rights of the United States of America. This particular amendment protects the right to keep and bear arms which means that the people has the right to bear arms for their defense, their own state, or the United States, and of course to kill games.
  • Bedfordshire: the Spy Capital of World War II-00-5319  By : 4Ps--Marketing
    Groucho Marx famously quipped that ‘there’s no such thing as military intelligence’, but there can be no doubt the work of Allied intelligence in the Bedfordshire/Buckinghamshire area during World War II played a crucial part in defeating Nazi Germany and its Axis partners.
  • Toys of the generations!-00-5313  By : chuck
    In the 1920’s popular toys, which some of are still around today, were teddy bears, raggedy Ann dolls, crayola crayons Ruben variety which were washable and
  • Mother Teresa ramble-00-5227  By : chuck
    Mother Teresa was born as Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu, on August 27, 1910, the map of the heavens at her birth has the following stellar signature: Sagittarius,
  • Federal ramble, 007 style.-00-5214  By : chuck
    In this article, we will discuss A few things about the main advantages of federalism as a legal order, and look closely at the main reasons for its growing
  • From the Roaring Twenties to Rock n' Roll-00-5204  By : chuck
    Music is an essential part of history.

    The roaring 20’s. The age of Jazz. Jazz was very popular in the 20’s, along with a great Jazz artist named Louis
  • It Is So Much Fun To Make WW1 Postcards Online  By : Mitzi H. Hewitt
    Many people these days have forgotten about the great art of postcards. Postcards have always been fun to get and to send but now it is hard to find the correct postage and sometimes it is even hard to find the postcards themselves. One of the most fun things to do on the internet is to make your own customizable postcards. If you are into WW1, you can even make your own WW1 postcards. Pretty much anything that you are looking for, you can find online.
  • The History of the Camera  By : Roberto Bell
    Have you ever thought about how the tiny, one click, instant-picture-delivery camera in your hand started out? The history of the camera travels back...
  • Famous Bartenders  By : Roberto Bell
    The differences between a great bartender and a famous bartender are the little things. Famous bartenders consistently stay on top of the...
  • The Discovery, Creation and Uses of Electromagnets  By : Roberto Bell
    Most people are not aware of the many applications electromagnets have in our modern day life. Though we may be awed to see a car being lifted, we may not realize...
  • Sir Karim Ibrahim  By : Ibrahim Machiwala
    Karim Ibrahim's father Ibrahim Pabani came from Mandavi, Kutchh. He was an eminent owner of the ships, sailing in Arabian and Zanzibar coasts. He had three sons - Ladha, Datoo and Karim. Ibrahim Pabani died in 1857.
  • Missionary Karam Hussain  By : Ibrahim Machiwala
    The Shamsi Ismailis in Punjab, the followers of Pir Shams (d. 1356), mostly practiced the Ismaili faith in solitude in the garb of the Hindus, and became known as the gupti (secretive). These gupti Ismailis mostly resided in 73 different villages in Punjab. Most of them revealed themselves from the Hindu culture, and emerged in public and assumed the Islamic names soon after the orders of Imam Sultan Muhammad Shah in 1910.
  • Wazir Jivabhai Bhanji  By : Ibrahim Machiwala
    Jivabhai Bhanji traced his lineage from a certain Bhagat Virabhai Devasi, who lived in the beginning of 15th century in Kathiawar. Paraptani is said to be his only son, and his son was Parpiya. Karim was the younger son of Parpiya, and the son of the former was Bhima, who also lived for some time in Mundra, Kutchh with his son Hamid. The next generation followed by Hamid was
  • Juma Jan Muhammad  By : Ibrahim Machiwala
    Juma Jan Muhammad was born possibly in 1850 in Bombay, where he got his early education. He was a leading leather merchant in Bombay and a commission agent. He was also an owner of a tannery at Dharavi. He extended his business as far as Europe and Burma.
  • Civil Records Check  By : Helen Li
    Marriage records, divorce records, birth records, property records, attorney records, and court records – these are all civil records and they are all available to you at CivilRecords.org.
  • Resilient and Rare Silver Proof US Coins  By : Ivan Lodichand
    Numerous popular approaches of collecting resilient and rare silver proof US coins, that can be through a date, theme, type, or series. Choosing to collect coins could be used as an everyday approach with quarters, dimes, nickels, and pennies or you could merely buy specifically minted coins, that are made in the U.S. Mint. The commemorative sets, proof coins, mint sets, and uncirculated coins could be directly acquired from the U.S. Mint. Uncirculated coins can extremely be popular through the U.S. Mint and uses a particular coining procedure to make those coins that offer them a special satin polish. They’re manufactured in the same circulated coins and with a superior quality of development, such as a little higher coin strength, earlier punches from dies, extraordinary cleaning process following stamping, also focused casing.
  • List of Ethnic Groups in the Philippines  By : Roberto Bell
    The Philippines is composed of different types of ethnic groups and one of those is known as the Indigenous ethnic group. The groups that form part of the Indigenous ethnic group include Tagalog, Ilocano, and Bicolano.
  • Alphabetical List of States  By : Roberto Bell
    The list begins with the names of the states with their codes enclosed in parentheses. Below each is the capital, the complete date it was accepted into statehood, and the nickname(s).
  • List of Famous African Americans  By : Roberto Bell
    In a list of famous African Americans, we will definitely come across the name of James Lafayette. James Lafayette is also known as James Armistead, and his contributions to the United States of America began during the American Revolution.
  • Missionary Jaffer Ali Muhammad Sufi  By : Ibrahim Machiwala
    Jaffer Ali Muhammad Somji, surnamed Sufi was born at Karachi in 1908, where he took his formal education, both religious and secular. He started his career as a religious teacher as well as a supervisor of Wazir Rahim Boarding School. He also became a regular missionary in Karachi, and then moved to East Africa.
  • Honorary Missionary Jaffer Ali A.Bhalwani  By : Ibrahim Machiwala
    Mukhi Rai Abajibhai Nathu Bhalwani was the Mukhi of Sanosara jamat in Saurashtra. He was a hakim by profession and treated the Ismailis free of charge. His wife Galabai (d. 1907) was also a dedicated social worker.
  • YouTube Racist Turned Crusader  By : Bob Miller
    Back in 1990, as Bob Miller, a country recording artist and bestselling author, pulled on to Highway 50 out of South Lake Tahoe, the snow had just begin to pile up and he assumed the road block ahead was to inform motorists that chains were required to get over the pass.
  • Burton - how it became the place it is today-00-1388  By : 4Ps_Marketing
    The town originally grew up around Burton-on-Trent Abbey, the monastery of Saint Modwen, and had grown into a busy market town by the early modern period. While Burton's great bridge over the Trent was in poor repair by the early 1500s....
  • More about Japanese culture-00-1317  By : Michale Song
    Few people care to learn more about the rich cultural heritage of Japan that has provided the world with famous movie directors like Kurosawa Akira (1910-1998) and renowned artists like Ando Hiroshige (1797-1858).
  • History Of Faxing - How Far We've Come  By : Roberto Bell
    Believe it or not, the basic technology behind faxing has been around for over 150 years.
  • Archaeological Sites in Hertfordshire-00-1191  By : 4Ps_Marketing
    Hertfordshire is brimming with areas of archaeological importance that define the county’s character. Even within the Mercury’s patch of East and North Hertfordshire and West Essex, there are numerous reminders of the rich and fascinating local history that helped shape its identity, people and landscape.
  • History Of Hawaii  By : Roberto Bell
    The Aloha State became the 50th United State in 1959 but Hawaii already enjoyed a proud and magical history.
  • The Legends of Hinduism's Favorite God Ganesha's Birth  By : Roberto Bell
    There is more than one legend of Ganesha's birth. This article discusses few of those tales.
  • Bedfordshire's Ghoulish Guests-00-1071  By : 4Ps_Marketing
    Bedfordshire’s local history is full of strange sightings and odd occurrences. The area’s rich and often violent past appears to still live on including numerous ghoulish guests.
  • Inspirational Jataka Tales from the Buddha  By : Roberto Bell
    The Jataka tales in Buddhism are a compilation of parables that recount 547 of the Buddha's former lives. Buddha often shared these stories with his followers.
  • Romania and the Myth and Origins of Dracula  By : Roberto Bell
    Dracula has always fascinated people over the years. a staple baddie of many a hollywood movie and story, however, where does fact end and fiction begin? It all starts in Romania, 100's of years ago.
  • Ancient Marble painting from Princely State of Rajasthan  By : Roberto Bell
    Rich in culture, India has several forms of stone craft from several regions. Brilliantly painted marble from Rajasthan is one of best examples of such stone artwork and can best be described as 'poetry on marble.'
  • Embroidered Patches And Their Military History  By : Roberto Bell
    Patches and badges have been around for many years and most typically for those in the military.
  • A Brief History of Victoria BC  By : Roberto Bell
    With the promise of a high quality of life, a stirring environment and a storied past, Victoria, British Columbia, is held in high regard by fellow Canadians and international travelers alike.
  • The Effects of Absinthe - Fact or Fiction  By : Roberto Bell
    Throughout its storied history, even absinthe connoisseurs have wondered at the mysteriously seductive powers of the "Green Fairy."
  • A Brief History of Insulation - Look How Far We've Come  By : Roberto Bell
    The Ancient Egyptians used it. So did the Ancient Romans. In the 1800's, a guy wrote about it, sort of.
  • Enjoy the Rich History of Bear Lake Valley  By : Roberto Bell
    Bear Lake Valley, which crosses the border of Idaho and Utah, has a rich and colorful history. Native Americans, trappers, outlaws, grizzly bears and even a mythical lake monster all add to the intriguing past of this beautiful valley.
  • The Ink Jet Printer - A History  By : Roberto Bell
    Today's ink jet printers work so efficiently and with so little effort that it is easy to take them for granted.
  • The History of Popcorn Poppers  By : Roberto Bell
    Popcorn has been known for at least 5,000 years. South American Indians ate it, made beer with it, and created a god to worship for its continued blessings upon them.
  • Khaibar  By : Ibrahim
    "In 7/629, about six weeks after the Prophet's party returned from Hudaibia, they learnt that the Jews in Khaibar were planning to make an inroad on Medina. To forestall these moves, the Muslims marched on Khaibar, about 92 miles from Medina, with 1600 men, and covered the distance in three forced marches and reached the enemy territory before dawn on the fourth morning. The two armies met at first at Natat and fought each other strongly. When Sullam bin Mishkam, the chief of the Jews was killed, Harith bin Abu Zaynab took over the leadership, and charged from the fortress of Naim, but he was soon repulsed. Five strongholds at Khaibar were reduced one by one with the exception of the strongly fortified and impregnable al-Qamus, which was under the command of Marhab, who was like Goliath of Goeth.
  • Bangkok - Capital of Thailand  By : Roberto Bell
    Bangkok is an exciting, high contrast melting pot of east meets west. It is a dynamic city that has embraced technology and modern living with its busy expressways, bold skyscrapers and designer brand filled shopping centres. Yet underneath it all, it remains a traditional haven of culture, history and time-honored customs, where elders are respected and family always comes first.
  • Kalma  By : Ibrahim
    The term kalma (pl. al-kalma, kalmat) means word matter, sentence or verse. The word kalma is used 26 times, al-kalma 4 times and kalmat 8 times in the Koran. In Islamic terminology it refers to the confession of faith. This testimony in the terminology of the jurists is called iman mujmal (a brief expression of faith). It is simply by bearing witness to the truth that a man enters the fold of Islam. Kalma is a solemn declaration or a testament, and when one pronounces it willfully, he undertakes a great responsibility upon himself. The kalma must rule over him for the rest of his life. His heart shall not accept anything contrary to his declaration. It is his article of faith, a criterion or a touchstone to judge good from bad and truth from falsehood. He will do what the kalma dictates to him as for the Divine writ. It will guide his direction like a rudder of the ship on the high sea of his life.
  • The Duel That Changed American History  By : JoAnn Graham
    The most famous duel fought on American soil was undoubtedly that between sitting Vice President Aaron Burr and Secretary of the Treasury, Alexander Hamilton. It was a duel that very likely changed the course of American history.
  • Kalam e Imam e Moobin  By : Ibrahim
    It is the collection of the different farmans of Imam Sultan Muhammad Shah in Gujrati published by the Ismailia Association for India. It is divided into two volumes, the first was published in 1953, entitled Kalam-i Imam-i Moobin (388 pages), containing the farmans of September 1, 1885 to February 20, 1910. It covered almost 160 visits of the Imam in India and East African countries. Its second volume was published in 1960, entitled Kalam-i Imam-i Moobin (Part II) or Rahebari-i Imam Sultan Muhammad Shah, with the farman of January 4, 1911 to January 15, 1951 in about 494 pages.
  • Kabr (Grave)  By : Ibrahim
    When the soul departs from the body at the moment of death, and that which is left behind is nothing but an empty shell. The mortal remains are treated with dignity, love and respect. In Islam, the disposal of the dead body and funerary rites normally include: washing the body, shrouding and prompt burial.

    Firstly, to preserve dignity, the eyes of the dead body should be closed, and sometimes a cloth is tied round the lower jaw to bind it up, so that the mouth does not sage open in an ugly and undignified manner. Sometimes, suitable is recommended to be placed over the abdomen, so that it does not become inflated. Straight after death the deceased's joints are loosened up if possible, which is not something that should be forced.
  • The Great Railway Heritage Of Paddington  By : Andrew Regan
    The thriving area of West London around Paddington owes much to the formation of the Great Western Railway Company and its decision to use Paddington as the terminus for their trains.
  • Robinson Crusoe, Märchengeschichte oder Legende?  By : Silke HOffmann
    Jedes Kind hat schon mal die Geschichte des Robinson Crusoe gehört. Viele träumen von der einsamen Insel und würde gerne ein solches Abenteuer erleben, Basiert jedoch die Geschichte des Robinson Crusoe auf wahre Begebenheiten oder ist sie das Ergebnis lebhafter Phantasie?
  • Count Hassan Kassim Lakha  By : Ibrahim
    Period: (1892-1982)

    The renowned Lakha family traces their descent back to their forebear, named Surji. His son was Jairaj, and whose son was Manji. The son of Manji was Lalji, who had four sons, Punja, Virji, Lakha and Kalyan. They dwelt in the village, called Berberaja, about 12 miles from Jamnagar, Kutchh.

    Lakho, or better known as Lakha was an origin of Jamnagar, Kutchh. He was an ordinary businessman. He unfortunately lost his house during the famine in Kutchh. Reduced to extreme poverty, he wandered from village to village in search of means of subsistence. His son Kassim, who was born in 1854, also passed a destitute life. Nothing is known of his early life except that he worked in a grocery shop on daily wages. The constant famines in Kutchh had almost swept away the economical resources of the people, who began to move elsewhere to sustain their lives. Kassim, the son of Lakha migrated with few Ismailis towards East Africa. Dressed in rags, he landed in Zanzibar in 1871. He called his mother and wife, Ratan Pradhan whom he had married in 1870, just before he left India. Kursha was their first child and she was born in 1880. The family grew with the birth of Fatima, Alibhai, Hassan, Sikina, Rehmatullah and Jena. Later on, he came in Lamu in 1877 to try his fortune. He was the first among his family members to venture into the business field. Kassim Lakha was also a devoted social worker and helped the Ismailis who came from India. He died in 1926 at Kampala, Uganda. He left behind four sons, Rehmatullah, Hassan, Mohammad and Alibhai.
  • Bustling Taipei: Capital of the Republic of China  By : Roberto Bell
    Taipei, the capital of Taiwan, has evolved through many stages since its founding in the eighteenth century. Rice fields have yielded to skyscrapers, and a modern, commercial city of millions has grown out of once quiet settlements.
  • Bustling Mumbai: Home of the Bombay Stock Exchange  By : Roberto Bell
    Mumbai, in the past known as Bombay, is one of the most populated cities in the world. In 1533, when the Portuguese set up Bom Bahia, which means "good bay", no one could have thought how Mumbai would work out.
  • Unassuming Melbourne: Australian Football Heart of Australia  By : Roberto Bell
    As so often in Australias history, Melbourne was founded through fraud when adventurer John Batman, an Australian fluent in several aboriginal languages, made a "deal" with aborigines to lease land on behalf of investors.
  • Interesting Vilnius: Rome of the East  By : Roberto Bell
    The Lithuanian city of Vilnius radiates southern charm under the northern sun. Nestled in the natural amphitheatre of the surrounding Lithuanian hills, Vilnilus has much to offer Australian tourists besotted with classical architecture.
  • Jahiliyya  By : Ibrahim
    The word jahiliyya means ignorance, which is taken to refer to the pre-Islamic period. It was the age of tribalism and is reckoned to cover the period of about a century before the advent of Islam. In pre-Islamic literature, and to a considerable degree in the Koran, the word from the root j-h-l means not ignorance but something like barbarism. The term jahiliyya occurs four times in the Koran (33:33, 48:26, 5:50 and 3:154).
  • The Aztecs and the end of Aztec empire  By : Roberto Bell
    The Aztecs have always been a shining example of human progress. Their achievements and events have rivaled most of the empires of Europe. Read on to know their bloody and turbulent history.
  • Fish oil: Why you should drink it?  By : Roberto Bell
    You might have drunk it daily when you were a kid. In fact, you might still be taking cod liver oil. Read on to know where it originated from and its unique history.
  • A short history of the automobile  By : Roberto Bell
    Driving a car back and fro from work has exposed us our dependence on it. Read on to find the humble beginnings of this everyday item and its confused story.
  • Missionary Hamir Lakha  By : Ibrahim
    Period: (1888-1963)

    Lakhpat was the oldest port of Kutchh, situated near Indus river. It depopulated from 15000 to 2500 in 1847 during a famine and became absolutely desolated. Hamir Lakha’s grandfather migrated from the depopulated region of Lakhpat and came in Sind, where he rendered valuable services in different villages. It is related that Bibi Mariam (1744-1832), the mother of Imam Hasan Ali Shah visited India with Mirza Abul Kassim in 1829 to resolve the internal strifes of the community in Bombay. She arrived in Karachi via Muscat, and reached Lakhpat after visiting Jerruk. The temperature of Lakhpat was so scorching that the people travelled at night on camels. It was the grandfather of Missionary Hamir Lakha, who arranged her nocturnal journey between Ramki Bazar and Lakhpat. He well cushioned the camels and made the journey of Bibi Mariam comfortable. Ramki Bazar was a small village between Sind and Kutchh in district Tharparkar, about 32 miles from Badin. It was an ancient town and a bustling commercial center where trade caravans came from all parts of India. All kinds of grains and cottage butter were brought from interior Sind and transported on camels in Bhuj, Mundra, Mandavi, etc. It appears that 250 to 300 Ismailis of Kutchh lived in this area. His grandfather had come from Lakhpat and settled in the village called Nindo, near Badin, with his 18 year old son Lakho (1829-1928). Lakho was well built and very muscular. He also held a natural command on mathematics and was competent in maintaining the accounts. Seth Rahmatullah was an Ismaili merchant in Ramki Bazar, who learnt the talent and honesty of Lakho. He employed him in his firm to maintain the accounts.
  • Moon as the Earliest Calendar  By : timeemits
    Moon as the Earliest Calendar give readers of the Holy Bible information recorded in ancient times. Lunar/solar calendars were common throughout the ancient world. Three calendar systems that help our study of Bible times are the Jewish, Mesoamerican and the Egyptian calendars. Changes in the appearance of the moon at night provide the seven-day week. Time steps in the lunar/solar calendar accumulate for longer time cycles.
  • Plastic storage containers & the skeletons they could hide  By : Roberto Bell
    An article examining Compulsive Hoarding Disorder and the neurosis that supports this much ridiculed mental health concern that is getting more prevalent by the day.
  • The Captivating History of Wine Growing - it all Started with a Suicide Attempt  By : Roberto Bell
    This story examines the roots of wine.
  • Dewan Ghulam Hussain Mohammad Jindani  By : Ibrahim
    Naser was from Jamnagar, Kutchh and he came from a noble family. He migrated towards Zanzibar in 1851 to find a better life for his family. He had only a son, called Mohammad, who was born in Zanzibar in 1864. Mohammad Naser served the jamat devotedly in different fields. He was also noted for his generosity. When the first Ismaili Council established in 1905 at Nairobi with Varas Mohammad Rehmatullah Hemani as its President, Mohammad Naser was also appointed as one of its founder members (1905-1914).

    On January 15, 1912, the Imam sent him a letter from Karachi and appointed him as his Estate Manager to take care of the Imam’s estates in Zanzibar in place of Varas Saleh. He took over its charges also from Kamadia Pradhan.
  • Wazir Ghulam Hussain Mohammad Ali Dharas  By : Ibrahim
    Devji, the son of Lalji was a native of Junagadh, India. He was an eminent wool merchant, having immense devotion in social services. According to the available information, Devji is said to have joined the Ismaili caravan in Bhuj, Kutchh headed by a certain Dharamsi Punjuani which was bound for Iran for the didar of Imam Shah Khalilullah (1792-1817) in Yazd at the beginning of 1817. They started from the port of Mandavi, Kutchh and boarded for Muscat and landed at Port Abbas, and reached Yazd on camels. Yazd is situated between Isfahan and Kirman on the route leading to Baluchistan.
  • Mace versus Pepper Spray, What is the Difference?  By : Roberto Bell
    There is a common misperception that the name Mace is a type of defense spray. Mace is actually a registered brand name for a company that sells defensive pepper sprays. When Mace (legally known as Mace Security International) was first developed, it consisted of CS and CN type riot control gases that were used by the military, re-formulated to be used by police departments and civilians for personal defense. They have since change the types of sprays that they carry and include regular pepper spray and a product with pepper spray and some CS and CN mixed in. This is primarily due to the fact that CS and CN are irritants and pepper spray is an inflammatory.
  • Missionary Ghulam Ali Shah  By : Ibrahim
    Period: (1910-1968)

    Ghulam Ali Shah was the son of Sayed Muhammad Shah, a native of Qaimpur, about 10 miles from Khairpur in Bhawalpur State, founded by Qaim Khan Arabni in 1747. Sayed Muhammad Shah was a famous landowner. He was a Twelver and well rooted in Islamic studies, and he had over 6000 followers in his village.

    Sayed Muhammad Shah was a learned scholar. He thoroughly studied the concept of the Imamate. Over time his thoughts became wrapped up in the presence of an Apparent Imam in the world. In 1911, he left Qaimpur and proceeded to Middle East in search of an Imam. He would wander like a restless man, looking lost and forlorn, with an agitated mind. After many years he reached in Najaf and paid homage to the shrine of Hazrat Ali. It was during this period that the pendulum at last swung on other side. He prayed, "Mawla! Your Noor is ever present on earth. Unfortunately, I cannot recognize it. I am disappointed with earthy life. Either give me death or your recognition." With this prayer, he slept and dreamt, and was inspired to return to India, where his search would materialize.
  • Huzur Varas Ghulam Ali Allana  By : Ibrahim
    Period: (1906-1985)

    Ghulam Ali Allana traced his descent from a certain Haji, and whose son, Vali was a small merchant in Lahari Bandar, Sind. When the port of Lahari Bandar dried up, Vali came in Jerruk, where he lived with his son Saleh. The son of Saleh was Aloo, whose business expanded as far as Bhuj, Kutchh. Natho, the son of Aloo lived for some time in Bhuj, Kutchh and then settled down in Mulla Katiar, Sind. Natho’s son was Khalfan, who migrated towards Karachi with his wife, called Lakhanni. Khalfan was the care-taker (jamatbhai) in the Kharadhar Jamatkhana. He had four sons, Allana, Pesan, Ghulam Hussain and Mohammad; and four daughters, Fatima, Khatija, Zainab and Mianbai. Allana joined a Jewish firm in Karachi to repair the watches. In 1882, Allana started his own small shop of repairing and selling the watches, and ultimately he was destined to become a leading dealer of watches. Allana was a thrice-married man. He had two sons, Hussain and Fijey from his first wife. He had no child from his second wife. His third wife was Sharafi, the daughter of Mukhi Hashu, and the mother of Dr. Ghulam Ali Allana.
  • Fidai Khorasani  By : Ibrahim
    Period: (1850-1925)

    Muhammad bin Zain al-Abidin bin Karbalai Daud Khorasani, was also known as Fidai Khorasani and Haji Akhund in Iran. He was born in 1850 in Dizbad, a village located in the mountains between Mashhad and Nishapur. He traced his descent from Khaki Khorasani (d. 1646), the famous Ismaili poet. Fidai Khorasani took his formal education in Dizbad and studied in Bakiriya Madrasa in Mashhad. He was knowledgeable in religion since childhood and explored rare historical documents on Ismailism.
  • Varas Fadhu Piru Khalikdina  By : Ibrahim
    Period: (1885-1936)

    Nur Muhammad was a devout Ismaili, who lived in Jimpir, Sind. His son Khalikdina however took up his abode at Jerruk. Khalikdina had three sons, Piru, Yonus and Juma. The elder son Piru, also called Pir Muhammad, was the Mukhi in Jerruk. Mukhi Piru had four sons, Fadhu, Aziz Ali, Amir Ali and Ghulam Hyder. The most prominent among them was Fadhu.

    The real name of Fadhu was Fida Hussain, but he became better known as Fadhu. He was also called Fazal Ali. Fadhu was born in Jerruk on May 9, 1885. He was admitted in Alumal Trikamdas School for primary education in Karachi. He joined N.G. High School for higher education. After his father died in 1913, he had to take over charge of his father’s business. He also became a Commission Agent of a British firm, Ralli Bros. Ltd. in Karachi, exporting bones.
  • Dewan Eboo Pirbhai  By : Ibrahim
    Period: (1905-1990)

    Dewan Sir Eboo Pirbhai, the first Chairman of the Leaders' International Forum, was born at Bombay on May 27, 1905. His father, Pirbhai Gangji belonged to a noble family.

    He came in Nairobi in 1910 with his family, where he took his early education at the Duke of Gloucester School. Without much formal education, he became a taxi owner-driver in 1926.
  • The History of Bognor Regis  By : Katie Ibsen
    Bognor is one of the oldest Saxon sites on record in West Sussex. The town is recorded in AD 680 as Bucgan ora meaning Bucge's shore. Bucge was one of the few Saxon women to have a place named after her. Over the years this Saxon-landing place became a small fishing village, and as with many places the name changed with time.
  • The History of Skegness  By : Katie Ibsen
    The once haven town, Skegness was erected on a raised promontory with a timber trading harbor and other material. The name is similar to the ones in the nearby locality. It is related to the Danes, Skeggi’s ‘ness’ or headland which was one of the locations where the Vikings had landed in the 9 century.
  • Birmingham and the Industrial Revolution  By : Katie West
    Birmingham was one of the most significant cities in the development of the industrial revolution. How did it achieve its position of prominence in early industry.
  • Varas Dayabhai Velji  By : Ibrahim
    Period: (1870-1937)

    Veljibhai (d.1922) had two sons in Kathiawar, Dayabhai and Kassimbhai with two daughters from his first wife. He had also two other sons, Hussainbhai and Valibhai with one daughter from his second wife. Among these four sons and three daughters, the most famous was Varas Dayabhai Velji.

    Varas Dayabhai was born in Bhankh, Kathiawar most probably in 1870 and lost his mother in infancy. His father thus married second time. Varas Dayabhai was eager for education, but could not acquire it and learnt Gujrati to some extent from his sisters.
  • A Brief History of Minehead  By : Katie Ibsen
    Minehead lies in a relatively sheltered position in the lee of North Hill Somerset. The town today is a bustling holiday resort but its past is as a working port important both militarily and for trade.
  • Mukhi Dr. Ramzan Ismail Datoo  By : Ibrahim
    Period: (d. 1939)

    Mukhi Ramzan Ismail (d. 1910) was a prominent leader. Imam Aga Ali Shah appointed him the Mukhi with Kamadia Hashim for the Kharadhar Jamatkhana, Karachi in 1882. Mukhi Ramzan was also an elected member of Karachi Municipality in 1854. He served the ailing persons in the community with his means and materials during the outbreak of plague in 1897. Mukhi Ramzan Ismail had eight sons, and the best known among them were Mukhi Rehmatullah, Mukhi Teja, Sabzali, Mukhi Nazar Ali or Mukhi Nanda, Ghulam Hussain or Gulu and Dr. Datoo.
  • Alijah Datoo Meru  By : Ibrahim
    Period: (1868-1939)

    Lakhpat, an oldest port of Kutchh, lying near the Indus river was a native soil of his family tree. The population dropped from 15000 to 2500 persons in 1851 due to severe famine, and the area became almost desolated. His grandfather, Thavar walked down to Badin, Sind with some Ismaili families. Later on, Thavar is reported to have gone to Muscat, located on the Gulf of Oman coast and isolated by a hill range. Thavar is believed to have worked with Baledina Asani (1802-1896), the Estate Agent of Imam Hasan Ali Shah in Muscat. He made Gwadar as his next home, where he died. He was survived by three sons, and Mehr Ali was a famous figure among them, who was also called Meruani or Meru and he had three sons, Muhammad, Datoo and Bana.

    Datoo, the son of Meru of great talent and merit and striking calibre was born probably in 1868. Religion was a deep and abiding place in his heart since childhood. Born and bred in Gwadar, he took little education at home. He however knew Kutchhi, Sindhi, Gujrati and English to some extent. He could also speak Persian soon after his journey in Iran in 1923. He married to Kaisarbai, the sister of Varas Muhammad Remu (1860-1924). He was an ordinary fish and cotton merchant, and associated for a long time in the business of Varas Muhammad Remu as a partner. Soon after the death of Varas Muhammad Remu in 1924, his business remained to the extent of fish.
  • Wazir Chunara Ali Muhammad Jan Muhammad  By : Ibrahim
    Period: (1881-1966)

    Dhamu Chunara also known as Dharamsi Panjuani was an eminent trader in Bhuj, Kutchh. He visited Iran with his wife Mulibai to behold Imam Shah Khalilullah in Yazd in the beginning of 1817. The Imam granted him a sealed letter of patent in Khojki script and also bestowed upon him the title of Dharas. He had two sons, Sumar and Virji. The son of Virji was Rahimtullah, whose son was Ghulam Hussain. The son of Sumar was Premji, whose son was Jan Muhammad, the father of Ali Muhammad.

    Ali Muhammad, the son of Jan Muhammad, known as A.J. Chunara was born in Bhuj in 1881, where he acquired his formal education. He sprang from family well known for their piety, and himself had great enthusiasm, courage and zeal to serve the community. In 1892, he came to Bombay and worked in a shop of hats. Soon afterwards, he started his own shop, which became known as Karim Jamal Topiwala. He attended Jamatkhana regularly and heard waez attentively, inducing him to study Ismailism. His first debut in community service was when he joined the Kandi Mola Shukarvari Brotherhood in Bombay, and came into the contact of many eminent individuals.
  • Ismaili Flag - Green Color - Its Special Features  By : Ibrahim
    "The Ismaili flag contains rich green colour with a red strip descending from left upper corner to the bottom of right side, making a cross mark in the flag. The nature of the characteristics, which the Ismaili flag, acquired green and red colours (lawn) from the historical context will be explored briefly in the following lines.

    Green (akhdar) is synonymous with nature. For the Arabs, as for many other people, green is the symbol of good luck, of natural fertility, of vegetation, of youth. For Islam, the green standard of the Prophet and the green cloak of Ali bin Abu Talib have become the very emblems of the religion. As a beneficent colour, green belongs so naturally to the popular spirit of the Arabs that their colloquial language is full of expression where this colour symbolizes joy, gaiety or success. Green is mentioned six times in the Koran as an adjective (khudr, akhdar), vide 12:43, 46:18, 31, 36:80, 55:76 and 76:21, and once as a participle (22:63). Giving the description of green, the Koran also says, "Reclining on green cushions and beautiful carpets" (55:76) and "Do you not see that God sends down water from the cloud so the earth becomes green?" (22:63). In Syria, a green land is used in describing a lucky person. To wish somebody a good year, one uses the expression green year, and when one takes up residence in a new dwelling, green leaves of beet are hung there as a token of good luck. In Morocco, the expression my stirrups are green means, "I bring the rain when I travel into an area where it is awaited." The Prophet himself declared, "The sight of green is agreeable to the eyes as the sight of a beautiful woman" (al-Jahiz, Tarbi, p.137).
  • Varas Chhotubhai Ismail Mahomed Jaffer  By : Ibrahim
    Period: (1904-1978)

    Ramzan Ali (d. 1886), son of Sabzali Hansraj, a dedicated social worker and businessman in Mundra, Kutchh, had six children: three sons: Mahomed Jaffer (1874-1918), Rahim (1880-1929) and Pir Sabzali (1884-1938); and three daughters: Fatimabai, Jainabai and Sonbai.

    Mahomed Jaffer, a successful businessman in Bombay and Europe, generously willed one lac rupees to build a sanatorium for sick and convalescent Ismailis. However, because he passed away before he could build it, it was left to his son, Ismail, to realize his father’s humane dream. In 1931, he actually built a large sanatorium in Panchgani, known as Bagh-e-Rahat, at a cost of approximately Rs. 130,000.

    Ismail was born to Mahomed Jaffer and his third wife, Shirin. Mahomed Jaffer’s daughter, Fatima, was born to his first wife, while both his second and fourth wives died giving birth (the latter, giving birth to twins). Mahomed Jaffer himself passed away on October 27, 1918, and only his daughter, Fatima, and his son, Ismail survived.
  • Ismaili Constitution  By : Ibrahim
    The word constitution is derived from the Latin constituere means an action of decreeing or ordaining. According to The Oxford English Dictionary (London, 1933, 2:876), "It is a decree, ordinance, law, regulation usually one made by a superior authority, civil or ecclesiastical." In the broad sense, a Constitution is a body of rules governing the affairs of an organized group.
  • Wazir Chagla Vali Muhammad  By : Ibrahim
    Period: (1885-1966)

    Chagla Vali Muhammad’s forefathers were originally from Mulla Katiar, Sind. They migrated to Lasbela and finally settled in Karachi. Amongst them, Vali Muhammad, known as Vali Bhagat came to live in Kharadhar, Karachi. He was a religious teacher, and a ginans reciter in Jamatkhana. The Imam paid a gracious visit to Karachi for 27 days on April 10, 1920. On that occasion, a large concourse of ten thousand Ismailis flocked in the city. The Council formed a Managing Committee to control its administration. Vali Muhammad extended his incredible services as a member, presided by Wazir Col. Ghulam Hussain Khalfan (1887-1967). He had three sons, Chagla, Jaffer and Kassim.
  • Ismaili Tariqah  By : Ibrahim
    The word tariqah (pl. turuq, tara'iq) is derived from tariq meaning a space between two rows of palm-trees. It is thus simply meant the way, path or road, as it is said in Arabic qatah atariq means he interpreted the road, and howalla tariqatah means he is following his own way. Salmon suggests in his Arabic Dictionary (p, 499) the derivation of tariqah from taraqa meaning a string of camels following a difficult tract to a well." The word tariq occurs nine times in the Koran. The tariqah is not only internal perception of the hidden meaning of the law, it also purports to be a total discipline aimed towards the progressive purification of the soul.
  • Varas Basaria Fadhu  By : Ibrahim
    Period (1848-1918)

    Basaria I, the ancestor of the later Basaria family was a devoted person in Bhuj, Kutchh. His son was Fadhu, who travelled on foot to behold Imam Shah Khalilullah in Iran, where Fadhu died. Fadhu had three sons, Ghulam Ali, Basaria II and Jaffer. The most shinning figure among them was Basaria II, known as Basaria Fadhu.

    Basaria Fadhu was born in 1848. Nothing is known of his early life. He however was well educated and a man of great responsibility. When the Honeymoon Lodge came into the possession of Imam Hasan Ali Shah in 1870, Varas Basaria Fadhu renovated the whole premises at his own expenses.
  • Bandali Muhammad Ladha  By : Ibrahim
    Period: (d. 1940)

    Aloobhai, the grandfather of Bandali Muhammad Ladha was a dedicated servant of the Imam in Kutchh. He visited Iran to see Imam Hasan Ali Shah. His son Muhammad Ladha migrated to Karachi with his family, and became the third Mukhi of Garden Jamatkhana in Karachi in 1905. In those days, the Ismailis from Kutchh flocked in Karachi, making the population of Garden area over 1500. The existing premises of the Jamatkhana became too small to accommodate the Ismailis; therefore, Mukhi Muhammad Ladha donated a piece of plot, adjoining the Jamatkhana, where a new Jamatkhana was built. He was also appointed President of the Supreme Council for Karachi on June 1, 1911 till November 30, 1911.
  • Varas Bandali Kassim  By : Ibrahim
    Period: (1875-1956)

    Vali, the grandfather of Varas Bandali Kassim was originally from Bhuj, Kutchh. He took up his abode at Karachi with his eight years old son, Kassim and resided in Kharadhar, Karachi. Kassim joined his father's firm, dealing in leather and made steady progress. Kassim had five sons, Merali, Bandali, Muhammad, Rashid and Karim.

    His son Bandali Kassim was born in 1875. Soon after his rudiment education, he took over the charge of his business with his brothers and became known as an "uncrowned king" among the business magnates. His business extended to Europe through M/S Volcart Bros. He opened many branches of his firm in Sind. He erected a big factory in Lyari quarter, Karachi to dye the leathers to be exported to Europe.
  • How To Buy A Military Gift  By : U.S. Military Gifts Online U.S. Military Gifts Online
    How To Buy A Military Gift

    The military gifts are very popular in the United States. It is the best gift for a military person for a military serviceman. The military gifts can also be given to the person who has retired from the military. There are different stores that sell military gifts for all-purpose. To find a large collection of the military gift items one needs to go to a store that has a god reputation in the market. One can visit a traditional store to purchase a military gift or he can also log on to the website of several online stores.
  • Itmadi Amir Ali Muhammad Ormadawala  By : Ibrahim
    Period: (1917-1967)

    Amir Ali Muhammad Ormadawala was born in 1917 in the house of Mohammad Hirji of Amerali. His father died in 1918 when he was hardly a year old. His mother, Sambai had a religious proclivity and rendered her services as the Mukhiani of the Ormada jamat.

    He was given adequate religious training since childhood. He entered the arena of community services when he became the Chairman of the Ormada School Board. He also served as a member of the Ormada Council, and became the Kamadia and then Mukhi of the Jamatkhana. In appreciation of his dedicated services, the Imam bestowed upon him the title of Alijah in 1946.
  • Wazir Amir Ali Fancy  By : Ibrahim
    Period: (1914-1978)

    Alibhai Lalji is reported to have migrated from Junagadh, India to Mombasa, Kenya in 1880 to explore business opportunities. His son Hussain also came from India in 1912, and settled however in Mwanza. Later on, his son Hasan Ali and the rest of the family joined Hussain in 1920 in Mwanza. They jointly ran a general store, called Alibhai Lalji & Sons, and made steady progress.

    Hasan Ali liked modernity in dressing and eating. He was meticulously dressed and was easily distinguished in a crowd of Asians. Due to his modern tastes, he was nick named as Hasan Ali Fancy.
  • Introduction to Spanish La Liga  By : Roberto Bell
    For those of you who are familiar with English Premier League, the Spanish La Liga starts a few weeks later and ends later for each season. Some popular clubs of La Liga includes Real Madrid, Barcelona and Valencia.
  • Captain Varas Amir Ali  By : Ibrahim
    Period: (1910-1978)

    Vali, the son of Rehmu Bhagat was a devoted person in Bhuj, Kutchh. He left Kutchh for Sind, and ultimately settled in Karachi. Soon after the retirement of Mukhi Alidina Asani (1793-1881) from the post of the Estate Agent in 1873, Imam Hasan Ali Shah appointed him the second Estate Agent for Karachi and Sind. The Imam also bestowed upon him the title of Varas. His descendant became known as the Valliani family in Karachi and Sind. Varas Vali rendered his services with devotion and died in 1878. The third Estate Agent after him was Varas Basaria, who died in 1918. Imam Sultan Muhammad Shah then appointed Varas Ibrahim, the son of Varas Vali as the fourth Estate Agent. Varas Ibrahim (d. 1924) retired in 1920 and he was followed by Wazir Rahim Basaria (d. 1927) as the next Estate Agent. The sixth Estate Agent was Varas Ghulam Hussain (1938), the son of Varas Ibrahim and he was followed by Karim (1881-1968), the son of Varas Ibrahim as the seventh Estate Agent for Karachi and Sind. In sum, the office of the Estate Agent remained in Asani, Valliani and Basaria families.
  • Imam Al-Mubin  By : Ibrahim
    The word Imam al-Mubin occurred twice in the Koran (36:12 and 15:79). The word Imam (pl. a'imma) means a model, an exemplar, a teacher, a guide or a path. The word mubin means manifest, apparent, present, or visible. Besides, the word mubin has a special significance. In Arabic, mubin and the root b-y-n means readily apparent. Thus, Imam al-Mubin means manifest or apparent Imam.

    The Christian Crusaders and their occidental chroniclers were completely ignorant of Islam. They knew Islam through the literature of the Sunnis, and translated the Koran in the same vein. Peter de Venerable (1094-1156) was Abbot of Cluny in Toledo. The circle of scholars he had commissioned produced mutilated translation of the Koran for the first time from Arabic into Latin.
  • Rai Alidina Ali Muhammad Asani  By : Ibrahim
    Period: (1884-1952)

    Ali Muhammad Alidina, the son of Mukhi Alidina Asani (1793-1881) was an eminent contractor in Karachi. In addition, his brothers and himself managed a business of hides and skins. They extended their mercantile activity as far as Burma. Ali Muhammad was an influential person, sharing a close friendship with the British officers in Karachi. He was also in good terms with Muhammad Rawjee (1830-1897), Sir Karim Ibrahim (1840-1924), and some other eminent persons of the Persian Gulf. Upon the visit of emperor George V in Karachi in 1905 when the monarch was only Prince of Wales, Ali Muhammad lodged him in the Panjibhai Club house, located in the Garden area at his own expenses. The Commissioner of Sind expressed officially his gratitude for his great hospitality by making an announcement in the “Gazette of Sind” in 1905. In addition, he hosted a warm reception for the Prince of Wales with 500 guests in Karachi on March 19, 1908. He also took a leading part in community affairs. He filed a suit against the Twelvers in Karachi, claiming for his rights on a plot lying in Rampart Raw. Later on, in 1912, the court proclaimed being in favor of the Ismailis after his death. He was popularly nicknamed “Alu Seth” and died in 1910.
  • Itmadi Alibhai Premji Tyrewala  By : Ibrahim
    Period: (1898-1966)

    Alibhai Premji Tyrewala was born in Bombay in 1898. Nothing is known of his early life. He started a small shop of second-hand tires on Grant Road, Bombay. He gradually erected two big stores of tires and old cars.

    His career in jamati services began when he became a lifetime member of the Ismailia Students Library, Kandi Mola, Bombay in 1923 till his death. He was also the Treasurer of the Central Panjibhai Club, Bombay.
  • Missionary Alibhai Nanji  By : Ibrahim
    Period: (1893-1978)

    Bhagat Walji Velji was one of the most dedicated persons in Mekhandi, Porebandar, having four sons, Nanji, Premji, Jivraj, and Ali. The elder son, Nanji, had a son Hussain and a daughter Jetbai with his first wife. He had three daughters, Manbai, Nurbai and Hirbai and a son Alibhai with his second wife.

    Alibhai, the son of Nanji was born in Mekhandi on Sunday, June 10, 1893. His father Nanji Walji owned a small fertile land at the end of the village. He was a devoted person and very knowledgeable of ginans; therefore, his son Alibhai acquired his formal religious education at home.
  • Wazir Ali Muhammad Jessa Bhaloo  By : Ibrahim
    Period: (1917-1968)
    Ali Muhammad Jessa Bhaloo was born on July 21, 1917 in Zanzibar, where he got his early education. Later on, he proceeded to London for a higher education. He also qualified as F.I.C. (Fellow of the Institute of Commerce) and F.R.Econ. S. (Fellow of the Royal Economic Society) in England.

    He formed his business soon after he terminated his education, which flourished financially. He was a leading dealer of radio spare parts and some electronic items. He was also the manufacturer’s representative and insurance property, etc.
  • Alarakhia Sumar  By : Ibrahim
    Period: (d. 1880)
    Mukhi Alarakhia Sumar was originally of Mulla Katiar, Sind, but his family came to settle in Bombay. He was an eminent merchant of cloth and sugar. He became Mukhi of the Bombay Jamatkhana soon after the death of Mukhi Alibhai Padamsi in 1848.

    The Ismailis possessed a graveyard near Dongri, Bombay since 1790, measuring 12706 sq. yards. He and Kamadia Khaki Padamsi extended the site by purchasing an adjoining plot of 6978 sq. yards from Nilaji Lakshamji for Rs. 11500/- in September 1856.
  • Haji Ahmed Devji  By : Ibrahim
    Period: (1859-1925)
    He was born in 1859 it Porebandar and came to Bombay at the age of 15 years. He worked in a furniture store and gained sufficient experience to become one of the leading furniture merchants. He maintained the quality and standards of his furniture so well that he received large orders several times from the Indian rulers. The Amir of Afghanistan once ordered for new furniture on February 1907, for the decoration of his newly built palace in Kabul. His firm was known as M/S Ahmed Devji Bros.
  • Wazir Ahmed Ali Nizari Piredina  By : Ibrahim
    Piredina was born in Hyderabad, Sind. He migrated near Muscat with his family. His son Ahmed Nizari was born in 1886 and became known as Ahmed Nizari or Nizari Piredina.

    Not much is known of his early life. It is however said that he could speak Arabic, Persian, English, Hindi, Gujrati, and Sindhi fluently. He is said to have visited Karachi in 1920, where the Imam emphasized upon the Ismailis to go to Baghdad and Basra to hunt business opportunities.
  • Wazir Abdul Rasul Alibhai Kassim Lakha  By : Ibrahim
    Period: (1916-1998)
    The genealogical tree of the renowned Lakha family draws back to their forefather named Surji. His son was Jairaj, and grandson was Manji. The son of Manji was Lalji, who had four sons, Punja, Virji, Lakha, and Kalyan. They lived in a village, called Berberaja, about 12 miles away from Jamnagar, Kutchh.

    Lakho, better known as Lakha, was a hawker and lost his house in a terrible famine. Reduced to extreme destitution, he wandered from village to village in search of livelihood. His son Kassim, who was born in 1853, had to toil and moil in Kutchh. Nothing is known of his early life except that he worked in a grocery shop.
  • Political Integrity: an Example out of Africa  By : Philip Yaffe
    We live in a cynical age where the values of truth, honesty and integrity seem to be cruelly lacking, especially among politicians. Here is an example of impeccable political integrity out of Africa. It is not Nelson Mandela, but Mr. Mandela would certainly be proud to have his name mentioned in the same breath with this sterling example.
  • Varas Abdul Rasul Alidina Visram  By : Ibrahim
    Period: (d. 1923)
    He was born in Bagamoyo, Uganda. He was a trader and became known as the "uncrowned king" in Uganda until 1922. The High School of Mombasa stands out as one of the shining examples of his many large-hearted charities. According to the report of the Times of India (June 8, 1919), the British bestowed him the title of M.B.E. (Member of British Empire) in appreciation of his invaluable services and loyalty to the British government.
  • Should Our Countryside Be Regarded As An Economic Resource Or As Natural History?  By : John Henry BA Bsc
    In 1985 John Henry wrote this essay for a 1985 Royal Navy Essay Competition called 'The Lieutenant Commander Hooper Prize'. This essay won first prize in the competition for the year. Over twenty years later this essay is published on the internet for the first time. It is interesting to compare eco concerns now to issues of around twenty years ago, The essay highlighted that the bureacracy of the European Communion and resultant farming practices was a prime reason for destroying countryside.
  • Nichts ist unmöglich  By : Silke HOffmann
    Maurits Cornelis Escher war ein niederländischer Künstler und Grafiker. Besser bekannt als M.C. Escher wurde dieser vor allem durch seine Darstellung unmöglicher Figuren bekannt.
  • Golden Jubilees  By : Ibrahim
    "In August, 1935, Imam Sultan Muhammad Shah completed 50 years of his spiritual leadership and the Ismailis decided to pay a memorable tribute to their Imam by weighing him against gold and making a present of it, as a mark of their love and gratitude. For this grand program, an All-India Golden Jubilee Celebration Committee had been formed, which was inaugurated by Lady Aly Shah on October 16, 1935 at Bombay. Sir Ibrahim Rehmatullah was elected its President and Ghulam Ali Merchant as the Vice-President. Its working committee assigned Pir Sabzali to generate necessary donations through out India. The funds raising campaign started on October 23, 1935 from Kathiawar. He succeeded to collect a sum of five lac rupees in India.
  • Top 5 Hollywood Moments of US Navy SEALs  By : James Kara Murat
    The Navy’s elite SEAL or Sea, Air, and Land Forces squad is made up of the best of the best. In order to provide the public with an insight as to what the Navy SEALs is all about, the U.S. Navy had agreed to serve as technical advisors for several of Hollywood’s films.
  • The Greatest Music Composer of all Times  By : Gabriel Machuret
    A quick introduction about one of the best Violin composers of all the times.
  • Evian Conference  By : Ibrahim
    Imam Sultan Muhammad Shah had called a Conference in Evian, France known as the Evian Conference between July 4, 1952 and July 8, 1952 to discuss various economic and social problems confronting the African Ismailis and also to make necessary amendments in the Constitution of the African Councils. It was attended by 40 members including the President and the Secretary of the Supreme Council, the Presidents of the Provincial Councils and of the Ismailia Association, educational administrators, the managing director of the Jubilee Insurance Company, and three members of the East African Legislative Council.
  • une séparation comme une petite mort  By : Anne Doe
    Il existe de ces séparations qui se sont effectuées sous un accord commun. IL existe de ces séparations ou l'on a compris que cet homme ou cette femme ne nous convenaient plus.
  • Abu Aly Alibhai Aziz, Dr., Missionary  By : Ibrahim
    Varas Amir Chand (1837-1911) sprang from a noble family of gupti Ismailis in Punjab. He was employed in a governmental department in Amritsar and retired in 1880. He inherited land from his forefathers, and became one of the most famous landlords in Punjab. In 1882, Imam Aga Ali Shah appointed him Kul Kamadia for Punjab, Frontiers and few regions near Afghanistan. He performed his duties with such marked distinction that during his first visit to Amritsar in 1897, Imam Sultan Muhammad Shah appointed him Mukhi on January 1, 1897 with a title of Varas for Punjab and Frontier province, including the regions lying on the borders of Afghanistan. He also travelled with the Imam in Sialkot between January 2, 1897 and January 11, 1897. Varas Amir Chand visited Bombay several times. His last visit took place in the middle of 1908 and gave valuable and informative statements twice in court during the Haji Bibi Case on July 28 and July 29, 1908. He is also credited to have converted a portion of the depressed class to Ismailism, as well as helping them financially to run their cottage industry.
  • Druzes  By : Ibrahim
    "In 407/1016, an Iranian da'i, named Muhammad bin Ismail Nashtakin ad-Darazi came in Egypt, who professed the transmigration of souls. He also preached the divinity of Imam al-Hakim. He came from Bukhara to Cairo in 408/1017. Finding no response, he moved to Wadi al-Taymun, at the foot of Mount Hermon in Lebanon and Jabal as-Summaq in Syria. He was first in the public eyes being the founder of the Druze sect. In 410/1019, the Turks soldiers of the Fatimids gathered and moved towards the houses of ad-Darazi and his followers and surrounded them. Ad-Darazi and those with him fortified themselves in a house, fighting the besiegers from the roof and the wall. The besiegers ravaged the house and killed about forty people with az-Darazi. About the same time, another Iranian from Farghana, named Hasan al-Akhram also appeared as using his influence to propagate the deity of Imam al-Hakim, and found a Druze sect about in 409/1018. He was also killed in his house just eight days following his declaration.
  • How Freshwater Cultured Pearls Began  By : Roberto Bell
    The article summarizes how freshwater cultured pearls began, their history and current situation.
  • 1983, das Jahr des Hitler Tagebücher Betrugs  By : Dieter Beck
    Über Schwindel, Fälschung, Karriere und kurzer Erfolg, handelt die kurze aber skandalöse Geschichte der Hitler Tagebücher. Vor 25 Jahren sollte ein angeblicher Fund die Geschichte Deutschlands ändern. Ein wertvoller Fund sollte Gerd Heidemann zum besten Reporter Deutschlands machen.
  • Syed Dadu  By : Ibrahim
    Syed Dadu, or Pir Dadu was a gifted vakil in Sind. He was born in 879/1474. He was an efficient scholar of Arabic and Persian and acquired high command in Indian languages. His lineage runs as Syed Daud bin Yasir bin Khair al-Din bin Mahr al-Din bin Gul Muhammad bin Hashim bin Moinuddin bin Aminuddin bin Buraqanuddin bin Shamsul wa Shak bin Quwwamuddin bin Syed Ali bin Muhammad bin Hussain bin Daud bin Zaid bin Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Hamza bin Yousuf bin Hasan bin Sakhaudullah bin Abul Hasan bin Abdullah bin Ali Jawad bin Imam Zayn al-Abidin.
  • Baiyat  By : Ibrahim
    The word baiyat, occurring 14 times in the Koran is derived from ba'ya meaning sale and purchase, bargain or transaction. In Arabic the word yabi'u means to sell, ba'a means he sold, al-bai'u means sale and al-baya means sale and purchase. In Islamic terminology, the term baya refers to an agreement or undertaking between the master and his followers. Other synonymous expressions appearing in the Koran are al-ahd (13:19-20) and al-mithaq (33:7, 5:14). Thus, baya or baiyat means an agreement or spiritual undertaking between the Lord and his followers. When one swears an oath of allegiance (baiyat), he gets guarantee from his Lord.
  • Bai Budhai  By : Ibrahim
    Syed Ruknuddin, the son of Pir Hasan Kabiruddin had a daughter, called Bibi Jeval or Bibi Jivan Khatoon. She married to Pir Hasan Kabiruddin and had five sons and a daughter, called Bai Budhai. The biography of Bai Budhai is not found in early or later sources. We have very brief scrap of the traditions. She is referred simply as the daughter of Pir Hasan Kabiruddin or the sister of Syed Imam Shah (d. 926/1520) and nothing else. Syed Imam Shah was the younger son of Pir Hasan Kabiruddin through Bibi Hurmat Khatoon, and the meager detail of Bai Budhai makes little concern connected with him. She is brought on historical record after the death of Pir Hasan Kabiruddin in 853/1449. Whatever is known about her is derived from her dialogues with Syed Imam Shah in the treatise comprised of 71 ginans, entitled Syed Imam Shah tatha Bai Budhai'no Samvad, in which it infers that she complained to Syed Imam Shah their parents died during their small ages (47:5). The age of Syed Imam Shah was about 19 years during the death of his father in 853/1449. It suggests that Bai Budhai's age would have been 16 to 17 years, and as such she was born most possibly in 835/1432 or 836/1433. Summing up the fragments of the ginans, it appears that the name Budhai was her pen name. It is said that her marriage took place with a rich cotton merchant of Syed family. She led a prosperous life, but did not adhere to the path of her forefathers.
  • Ayat Al-Ulul Amr  By : Ibrahim
    "The Koran (4:59) says: "O you who believe, obey God, and obey the Messenger and those of you who holds authority (ulul amr)"

    Some tend to interpret ulul amr as the rulers. This interpretation is irrational as it is solely based on the twists of history. The majority of the Muslims have remained as a vassal of the monarchs and rulers, interpreting and reinterpreting Islam and the Koran to strengthen their own kingdom. The history of Muslims is replete with the names of rulers whose injustice, debauchery and tyranny have tarnished the name of Islam. If God were to order us to obey such kings and rulers, an impossible situation would be created for Muslims. The wretched followers would be condemned to the displeasure of God, no matter what they do. If they obey these rulers, they have disobeyed the Command of God: "Do not obey a sinner" (76:24). And if they disobey such rulers, they have again disobeyed the Command of God: "Obey the Muslim rulers" (if it would mean so). Therefore if we accept this interpretation, Muslims are condemned to eternal disgrace whether they obey or disobey their fallible (sinful) rulers. Also, there are Muslim rulers of different schools and persuasions. There are Shafi'is, Hanbalis, Malikis, Hanafis, as well as the Shi'ites and Ibadis. Now, according to this interpretation the Sunnis residing under an Ibadi king (like in Jordan) should follow Ibadi tenets; and those residing under a Shi'ites ruler (like in Iran) should follow the Shi'ites beliefs. Do these people have the conviction of courage to follow their professed interpretation to its logical end?
  • MPG - Perhaps The Most Startling Statistical Fact Of The Last Hundred Years  By : GARKO
    2008 seems like a good time to look back and see what progress that mankind has factually made in the last 100 years Back in the 1940s, an older Jewish man could have been admitted into a óld folks" home the age requirement? 35! So, certainly we have made progress in terms of longevity.
  • Ayat Al-Mawaddat Al-Qurba  By : Ibrahim
    According to the Koran: "God chose Adam and Noah and the family of Abraham and the family of Imran above all (His) creatures. Offspring, one from the other"(3:33-34). The word dhurriya means direct descendants, family or lineage. It occurs 32 times in the Koran in the context of the prophets, indicating that their mission was assigned to their direct descendants to carry on.
  • Ayat Al-Dhurriya  By : Ibrahim
    According to the Koran: "God chose Adam and Noah and the family of Abraham and the family of Imran above all (His) creatures. Offspring, one from the other"(3:33-34). The word dhurriya means direct descendants, family or lineage. It occurs 32 times in the Koran in the context of the prophets, indicating that their mission was assigned to their direct descendants to carry on.
  • Arab  By : Ibrahim
    The word arab or arabah is probably derived from a Semitic root related to nomadism. In the Arabic language, the word arab (derived from i'rab), means those who speak clearly as contrast with ajam (those who speak indistinctly). In Koran, the word arab has never used for the country of Arabia, but characterized the residence of Ismael, the son of Abraham as an "uncultivated land." In the time of Ismael his place of residence had no name, therefore, it was given the name of an "uncultivated land." In the Old Testament, the word midbar is used for Ismael's home, meaning a desert or a barren land, which closely corresponds to the Koranic description.
  • Prince Aly Salomone Khan  By : Ibrahim
    "Prince Aly Salomone Khan, the son of Imam Sultan Muhammad Shah was born at Turin in Italy on June 13, 1911. Because he was a delicate child, his father decided against sending him to experience the rigours of an English boarding school. He was entrusted to the care of a private tutor, Mr. C.M. Waddington, the former Principal of Mayo College for the sons of Princes in India. He finished his education at Lincoln's Inn, London, though he was not called to the bar. He was fluent in a number of European and Oriental languages. He spoke English in the right Oxford accent, and talked and gave speeches in French with rich fluency.
  • What Is A Guardian Angel?  By : Bob Miller
    The concept of the guardian angel is one that has been present for centuries across a number of different cultures and belief systems. From the Ancient Greek civilization to modern day, theologians across the world are faced with the problem of identifying whether or not guardian angels exist and, if so, in what form they are present.
  • Do Guardian Angels Exist?  By : Bob Miller
    On one hand, there are those that reject the claims of anything spiritual and suggest that there is no logical possibility of some divine body protecting and guarding individuals from harm, while the opposing side swear from personal experience and anecdotal evidence that there is without a doubt some third party protector who has intervened in their lives or altered their path dramatically.
  • Ahl Al-Kitab  By : Ibrahim
    "The word ahl means those who occupy with one the same tent, the family or inmates, relative, folk, kin, kinfolk, family, people, members, followers, etc. Under these meanings, the word ahl occurs 31 times in the Koran. According to another view, it is derived from ahala, meaning to demonstrate (the family). The word kitab, comes from the root word kataba, meaning to write down. The word kitaba occurs in the Koran for the Divine Books revealed to various prophets. Thus, the term ahl al-kitab means the possessors of the scriptures or the people of the Book. This term in Koran denotes the Jews and Christians, the repositories of the earlier books, al-Tawrat (the Torah), al-Zabur (the Psalms), and al-Injil (the Gospel).
  • Chiragh I Rawshan – An Ismaili Tradition In Central Asia  By : Ibrahim
    The word chiragh is derived from the Syriac shrag or shragh, meaning lamp, and Chiragh-i Rawshan means shining or luminous lamp, which is one of the oldest surviving Ismaili traditions in the regions of the Central Asia. It is an assembly (majalis) of the believers, where a lamp is illumined, which is its hallmark, and the Koranic verses are chanted for the eternal peace of the departed soul, or for the prosperity of one who is alive.
  • Sicily Hotels - Great Places to Visit  By : Ivan Cox
    Learn more about Sicily, a beautiful Mediterranean island which has a lot to offer. Get more details about it's foods, the local weather and places tourists must visit.
  • Pir Abul Hasan Shah  By : Ibrahim
    Pir Shihabuddin Shah (d. 1301/1884) married to Bibi Arus Khanum, who gave birth of a son, Abul Hasan Shah and six daughters, viz. Talah, Nushi, Turan Malek, Khadija, Tuman Malik and Zarin Taj. Upon the death of Pir Shihabuddin Shah, Imam Aga Ali Shah declared his infant son, Abul Hasan Shah as a next Pir. In this context, the farman follows:
  • Discover the truth about JFK’s assassination in Dallas  By : Adam Singleton
    Almost 45 years after the assassination of John F. Kennedy in Dallas, a mass of new evidence has emerged that had been hoarded by former Dallas District Attorney Henry Wade prompting the Dallas Morning News to make it all available online.
  • Abu Hatim Ar-Razi  By : Ibrahim
    "Abu Hatim ar-Razi was born near Ray around 260/874. He was the hujjat of Ray, and conducted the mission with great efficiency and promptness. He studied Ismaili doctrines, also Arabic poetry, and the religious science of Islam, comparative religion and indeed the natural and mathematical sciences. He succeeded to bring the ruler of Ray, Ahmad bin Ali (307-311/92O-924) to the Ismaili fold, who was formerly aggressive to the Ismailis. Abu Hatim also deputed his subordinate da'is in Tabaristan, Ispahan, Azerbaijan and Jurjan; resulting a large conversion, including Mardav ad-Daylami, the governor of Tabaristan; Yousuf bin Abi'l Saj, the governor of Azerbaijan, and Asfar bin Shroya. Abu Hatim was a great philosopher, orator and writer. W. Ivanow writes in A Creed of the Fatimids (Bombay, 1936, p. 5) that, "Abu Hatim ar-Razi surely was one of the most erudite authors that Ismailism, and generally, Islam has ever produced." Seyyed Hossein Nasr writes in the introduction of A'lam al-Nubuwwah (ed. by Salah al-Sawy, Tehran, 1977, p. 1) that, "He is one of the most outstanding theologians and philosophers of Islam and a major figure in that galaxy of exceptional thinkers, such as Hamid al-Din Kirmani, Nasir-i Khusraw and Qadi Numan, who produced the Ismaili philosophy of the Fatimid period."
  • 101 Ismaili Heroes Volume 1  By : Ibrahim
    This book represents the first known attempt to prepare a comprehensive and well-researched collection of biographies of one hundred and one eminent individuals who have helped to shape the Ismaili Community during the last two centuries. The table of contents, which lists the names of these individuals in alphabetical order, includes such giants as Alidina Visram, Laljibhai Devraj, Major Lakhpati, Fidai Khorassani. The author has also included many less well-known individuals, whose contributions have not been widely recognised, but are as important if not more so. These biographies are preceded by a foreword and preface.
  • Origin of Navroz and Ismailism  By : Ibrahim
    Navroz is a Persian word, meaning new day of the year. The Arabs pronounced it as Niruz or Nairuz. The Sogdians called it Nau-Sard (the new year), and also is called Nishat Afroz Jashan in Iran. It is a spring festival, beginning with the first day of the Persian solar year, corresponding to the vernal equinox and the entry of the sun into the sign of Aries, and continued until the 6th day of the month. The last day was known as the Great New Year's Day (al-Niruz al-Akbar).
  • Austin Profiles: Clarksville  By : Dane Smith
    This article discusses the downtown Austin neighborhood of Clarksville, which was recently voted one of the Great Neighborhoods of America because of its distinctive and endearing character.
  • Brotherhood Key to Universal Peace  By : Ibrahim
    These days His Highness prince karim Aga khan is also working die heartedly to promote peace; He is ambassador of peace and due to His efforts for enhancing good relations among East and West He received tolerance award in 2006. He always brings organizations from West to work with AKDN to promote quality of life of people of East, ultimately the relations among different kinds of people would increase and dislikes among people would diminish.
  • Purpose of Acquiring Knowledge in Islam  By : Ibrahim
    In today’s world acquiring knowledge is of great importance and if an individual wishes to progress in this world he must struggle to acquire knowledge as much as possible.

    Importance of acquiring knowledge is also being emphasized by Islam because Islam is the religion of knowledge. The first ayah of the Qur’an to be revealed is the key to knowledge. Allah (SWT) says:
  • Origin Of The Word “Assassins”  By : Ibrahim
    The Ismailis were not a band of terrorists, but their fighting against their oppressors was a struggle for survival. Mediaeval Europeans, who remained absolutely ignorant of Muslim beliefs and practices, had transmitted a number of tales, and produced a perverted image of the Ismailis. Rene Dussaud writes in Histoire et Religion des Nosaires (Paris, 1900) that, "One of the very few Europeans who have appreciated the good points of this remarkable sect and who is of opinion that the judgments pronounced by western scholars are marked by an excessive severity. It is certainly wrong to confound as do the Musulman doctors, in one common reprobation. And the Old Man of the Mountain himself was not so black as it is custom to paint him." In more recent times, too, many western scholars have continued to apply the ill-conceived term Assassins to the Nizari Ismailis without being aware of its etymology or dubious origin. Paul E. Walker makes his comments in his Abu Yaqub al-Sijistani: Intellectual Missionary (London, 1996, p. 1) that, "Until recently, however, the Ismailis were studied and judged almost exclusively on the basis of the evidence collected or fabricated by their enemies, including the bulk of the medieval Sunni heresiographers and polemicists who were hostile towards the Shi’is in general and the Ismailis among them in particular. These Sunni authors in fact treated Shi’ite interpretations of Islam as expressions of heterodoxy or even heresy. As a result, a ‘black legend’ was gradually developed and put into circulation in the Muslim world to discredit the Ismailis and their interpretations of Islam.
  • Major Bruce P. Crandall - Recognizing the brave and courageous  By : James Kara Murat
    Major Bruce P. Crandall received the Medal of Honor during a White House ceremony on February 26, 2007 for displaying marked valor and heroism as a flight Commander in the Republic of Vietnam. Through his act of bravery and courage; he has been able to fetch immense pride to the United States Army.
  • Jason L. Dunham: An epitome of bravery  By : James Kara Murat
    The Congressional Medal of Honor serves as a homage and tribute as well as an award of recognition to the war veterans of the United States of America. It was Jason L. Dunham who showcased an indomitable fighting spirit and exemplary valor while serving as a Rifle Squad Leader.
  • Top Ten Things to Know About US Navy SEALs  By : James Kara Murat
    Navy SEALs; these two words conjure up images of hardy, supremely accomplished, no-nonsense men, who are an integral part of the security set up of the armed forces of the United States of America.
  • Most Important Weapons of Choice for US Navy SEALs  By : James Kara Murat
    As can be imagined, the array of weaponry that is used by Navy SEALs is extensive and sophisticated. This state-of-the-art weaponry is not only made in the United States, but is sourced from all over the world.
  • How to Become a Navy SEAL  By : James Kara Murat
    You can’t just become a SEAL; you have to earn your Trident. It’s a long and difficult process that requires intelligence, endurance, and loads of guts. The process is not complicated, but it’s quite difficult.
  • Ten Most Famous Navy SEALs  By : James Kara Murat
    Everyone, who has an aspiration of serving in the armed forces, harbors dreams of becoming a Navy SEAL, but only a small percentage, realize this dream. Moreover, the exploits of the SEALs are largely secretive, and more often than not away from intensive public scrutiny.
  • Navy SEALs vs Green Berets (Differences, Similarities)  By : James Kara Murat
    Both Navy SEALs and Green Berets are special covert groups they differ in function, but to a large extent are trained in almost the same skills.
  • Navy SEALs vs. Army Rangers (Differences, Similarities)  By : James Kara Murat
    Both Navy SEALs and Army Rangers are highly respected but distinctly separate wings of the United States armed services. Army Rangers and Special forces both roll up to the U.S. Army, while on the other hand Marines and Navy SEALs roll up to the U.S. Navy.
  • How to Buy Navy SEAL Merchandise: Navy SEAL T-shirts, Luminox Navy SEAL Dive watches and more  By : James Kara Murat
    US Navy SEALs work under some of the most treacherous working conditions and surroundings in the world. When out on the field they rely on skill and their equipment.
  • Navy SEALs vs Foreign Commandos - Differences  By : James Kara Murat
    There are many different special operation military units across the world. Different nations have their own set of Special Forces which are trained to perform in very volatile political or battle conditions.
  • US Navy SEALs: Myths, Legends, and Truths  By : James Kara Murat
    Formally founded in the 1960’s with their origins dating back to the bombing of Pearl Harbor in the early 40’s, the Navy SEALs (an abbreviation of ‘Sea, Air, and Land’) is truly an enigmatic group.
  • Special Operations Units of the World  By : James Kara Murat
    The term, ‘Special Operation Units’ is used to refer to highly specialized and extensively trained military operation units who are known to perform highly volatile military operations. These forces are specially trained to participate in unconventional warfare tactics, reconnaissance as well as counter the highly dangerous terrorist activities.
  • European Special Operation Units  By : James Kara Murat
    Today, the world has joined hands to battle the forces of terrorism which are threatening our nations. The countries of Europe are no exception. Every nation has offered the alliance of their specific special operation units in an effort to show their commitment to eradicate terrorism from the face of this earth.
  • US Navy SEAL Teams Brief History  By : James Kara Murat
    The US Navy SEALs has had a veritable past and a rich history of its own. The earliest veterans to man strategic missions were the Operational Swimmers of the Office of Strategic Services or OSS who manned many such missions before the Navy SEALs did.
  • US Navy SEAL operations in Afghanistan  By : James Kara Murat
    Operation Red Wing which was a US led expedition to hunt for Al Qaida guerillas and the Taliban was conducted in the rocky region of Kunar. Only the top quality Navy SEALs were involved in this strategic Navy SEALs mission.
  • US Navy SEAL operations in Iraq  By : James Kara Murat
    In the recent past the US Navy SEALs has been in the news for its operations in Iraq. It all began in the year 2003 when President George Bush ordered the Navy SEALs to invade Iraq. This Navy SEALs operation was called ‘Operation Iraqi Freedom’.
  • History & Background information on Congressional Medal of Honor  By : James Kara Murat
    The Congressional Medal of Honor is one of the most revered awards given to valiant soldiers and pilots in war. This medal is provided to the US Navy SEALs for their brave acts during war with an enemy.
  • US Navy SEAL Fitness Training  By : James Kara Murat
    It takes a lot to become a Navy SEAL. It involves sheer grit, determination and a Navy SEALs workout session that is called ‘Hell Week’! Any aspiring Navy SEAL needs to go through a thorough physical screening after which a series of rigorous training schedules are conducted.
  • Lt. Thomas R. Norris  By : James Kara Murat
    One of the most revered veterans of the Vietnam remains Lt. Thomas R. Norris. He was part of several Vietnam Navy SEALs mission directives. He is known for his immense courage and sheer dedication to his country under some of the most trying circumstances.
  • Petty Officer Michael Edwin Thornton  By : James Kara Murat
    Petty Officer Michael Edwin Thornton is known for winning the revered Congressional Medal of Honor and also saving the life of Lt. Thomas Norris during October in the year 1972. Thornton has always been renowned for his fighting spirit, never say die attitude and a relentless passion for his country.
  • Lt. Robert "Bob" Kerrey  By : James Kara Murat
    An ever smiling face coupled with great courage even under distressing situations – such is the personality of LT (jg) Robert "Bob" Kerrey. Having led numerous combat battles in the notorious Vietnam war, LT (jg) Robert "Bob" Kerrey has always been a guiding beacon of hope among all aspiring Navy SEALs.
  • Lt. Michael P. Murphy  By : James Kara Murat
    The Congressional Medal of Honor is perhaps the single most fitting tribute to our heroes of war. Having special significance among Navy SEALs this Medal of Honor serves to pay homage to all war veterans.
  • The True Story of The American Independence  By : Slavco Stefanoski
    Looking back in 1775, King George III was at Buckingham Palace, sitting in wistful mood on his commode. His 13 year old son Prince George , was sitting on the floor nearby, otherwise occupied with the 18th century equivalent of Game Boy: a model soldier with a rifle sat on a model elephant, shooting at a model tiger two planks of wood away.
  • Interesting history about Peru to help amplify your experience when visiting.  By : Stuart Cheese
    In my capacity as the UK Director of Operations for One World Tours Limited, one of my jobs is to ensure every client has the best tour possible, so here are some interesting facts about the history of Peru which I hope will enhance your trip.
  • Who was Tutankhamun?  By : Stuart Cheese
    Stuart Cheese, may be the UK Director of Operations for One World Tours but his partner’s love of Tutankhamun was what got him into the business in the first place. Let us see how much he has picked up from her and see how much can be understood about the young king, known to the world for his stunning death mask.
  • Diamond Jubilee of Sultan Muhammad Shah Aga Khan  By : Ibrahim
    In a message to “Diamond Jubilee Souvenir Year Book,” the Imam said, “The Ismailia history has passed through several stages of development. My Diamond Jubilee marks such a stage in the present times. With it a phase of consolidation and cooperation has been achieved among my spiritual children in various countries, and now lies ahead a period of goodwill and expansion.
  • Golden Jubilee Of Sultan Muhammad Shah Aga Khan  By : Ibrahim
    Bombay was the venue for the celebrations in India. Huge crowd in festive and solemn mood had gathered at Hasanabad to attend the unique occasion on January 19, 1936. When the Imam and Begum arrived at 10.35 a.m. to receive one of the most spectacular ovations from a crowd of over 40,000 Ismailis, every inch of space in the Hasanabad ground was taken up. The Imam took his seat on the gadi embroidered in gold with the coat of arms of his family. To his right sat his mother, Lady Aly Shah, and to his left sat the Begum. The Imam was dressed in a purple robe with a great turban, with all the decorations and insignia glittering on his breast.
  • Jubilee Celebrations In Ismaili History  By : Ibrahim
    A peep into the historical records tends to reveal the culture of holding the jubilee festival which was celebrated for the first time by Moses in obedience to the commands of religion before the inauguration of the Christian era. The Law of Moses prescribed a special year for the Jewish people: "You shall hallow the fiftieth year and proclaim the liberty throughout the land, to all its inhabitants; it shall be a jubilee for you when each of you shall return to his property and each of you shall return to his family. This fiftieth year is to be a jubilee year for you: you will not sow, you will not harvest the un-gathered corn, you will not gather the untrimmed vine. The jubilee is to be a holy thing to you, you will eat what comes from the fields." (The Book of Leviticus 25, 10-14) The trumpet with which this particular year was announced was a goat's horn called yobel in Hebrew, and the origin of the word jubilee. The celebration of this year also included the restitution of land to the original owners, the remission of debts, the liberation of slaves and the land was left fallow. In the New Testament, Jesus presents himself as the One who brings the old Jubilee to completion, because he has come to "preach the year of the Lord's favour" (Isaiah 61: 1-2).
  • Chamonix, France  By : Roberto Bell
    Far from being a modern, purpose built ski resort Chamonix has a long and distinguished history.
  • The Evolving World of Jewelry  By : Roberto Bell
    Since man (and woman) first walked the Earth, humankind has been fascinated by the shiny gems, rocks, and precious metals that make up the jewelry we all know of today.
  • Bingo History: Story of the Game Bingo  By : JackReider
    Here you can read about the history of the popular game bingo, which includes dried beans, stuttering girls and mad professors.
  • BBC Banned Music: Top Singles Banned By the BBC  By : JackReider
    Here you can read about some the top singles that were banned by Auntie Beeb.
  • In Their Footsteps: A Copper Merchant in Enkomi  By : Jan Korfanty
    As you tour Enkomi, North Cyprus, imagine you’re a copper merchant circa 1300 -1100 B.C. North Cyprus copper mines bustle as Cypriot copper is exchanged for wheat and dried fish. The Siege of Troy has driven up prices, so you note this using your Syllabary or Cuneiform writing pad.
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