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The complications of blood transfusion are: 1 Allergic Reaction - it is caused by sensitivity to plasma protein of donor antibody, which reacts with recipient antigen Assessment: * Flushing * Rush, hives * Pruritus * Laryngeal edema, difficulty of breathing 2. Febrile, Non-Hemolytic - it is caused by hypersensitivity to donor white cells, platelets or plasma proteins. This is the most symptomatic complication of blood transfusion Assessment: * Sudden chills and fever * Flushing * Headache * Anxiety 3. Septic Reaction - it is caused by the transfusion of blood or components contaminated with bacteria Assessment: * Rapid onset of chills * Vomiting * Marked hypotension * High fever 4. Circulatory Overload - It is caused by administration of blood volume at rate greater than the circulatory system can accommodate Assessment: * Rise in venous return * Dyspnea * Crackles or rales * Distented neck vein * Cough * Elevated blood pressure 5. Hemolytic Reaction - it is caused by infusion of incompatible blood products Assessment: * Low back pain (first sign). This is due to inflammatory response of the kidneys to incompatible blood * Chills * Feeling of fullness * Tachycardia * Flushing * Tachypnea * Hypotension * Bleeding * Vascular collapse * Acute renal failure related topics: blood transfusion therapy nursing interventions in complications of blood transfusion intravenous therapy http://www.promdinurses.com
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